Kitap

Bazı insanlar “Kuran’da geçen kitap kelimesi bildiğimiz kitap anlamındadır ve Muhammed’e ciltli kitap olarak verilmiştir ki harekeleme orijinal yazılımda yoktur” iddiasındalardır.

Oysa Kuran’da Muhammed’e vahiy edilenin bir söz olduğu apaçıktır ki söz harekelidir. Sözler ezberlenmiş ve sonra hafızların ölmeleri nedeniyle kitaplaştırılmıştır. Başlangıçta kitaplar hareke ile yazılmamış sonrasında ezberdeki harekeler kitaplara geçirilmiştir. Bu durum Kuran’da da zaten açıklanmıştır.

Kıyamet Suresi 17-20. Ayetler:

لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ (16) إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ (17) فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ (18) ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ (19)

Onunla acele kılmak için onunla dilini aktifleştirme.

Kesinlikle onun toplanması ve okunuşu bizim üzerimizedir.

Ki o okunduğunda da onun okunuşuna tabi ol.

Sonra, onun açıklanması kesinlikle bizim üzerimizedir.

Hicr Suresi 10. Ayet:

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ (9)

Kesinlikle biz, biz indirdik o zikri. Ve kesinlikle biz onun için mutlak muhafızlarız.

Tekvir Suresi 20. Ayet:

إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلُ رَسُولٍ كَرِيمٍ (19)

Kesinlikle o çok saygın bir resulün (Cebrail) sözüdür.

Müzemmil Suresi 6. Ayet:

إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا (5)

Kesinlikle biz senin üzere kütleli söz sergileyeceğiz.

Müddessir Suresi 25-26. Ayetler:

فَقَالَ إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ (24) إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ (25)

Ki dedi ki: “Bu ise sadece izinden gidilen sihirdir.

Bu ise sadece o beşerin sözündür”.

Bununla birlikte onların dediği anlamdaki kitap kelimesi Kuran’da Cuma Suresi 6. Ayette geçmektedir.

Cuma Suresi 6. Ayet:

مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا بِئْسَ مَثَلُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ

Onlar ki Tevrat’ı yüklenip sonra onu asla taşımayanların benzetmesi ciltli kitap yüklü o eşeğin benzetmesi gibidir. Onlar ki Allah’ın ayetlerini yalanlayan o toplumun benzerliği ne kötüdür! Ve Allah, O, o zalimler toplumuna hidayet etmez.

Ayette geçen “esfarün” kelimesi bizim anladığımız anlamda kitaplar demektir.

سِفْرٌ

سِفْرٌ ذ A book, or writing: (S, M:) or a great, or large, book: or a section of the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (M, K:) or a book that discovers, or reveals, truths: (TA:) or a book is thus called because it discovers things, and makes them evident: (M:) pl. أَسْفَارٌ. (S, M.) ― -b2- With respect to the saying of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee,

Üstelik başka bir ayette, Enam Suresi 8. Ayette ise:

وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ كِتَابًا فِي قِرْطَاسٍ فَلَمَسُوهُ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ لَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ (7)

Ve eğer sana kâğıtta yazılı kitap olarak indirsek de elleriyle onu yoklasalar o kâfirler mutlaka derler ki: “Bu ise sadece apaçık bir sihirdir”.

Denmektedir ki Kuran’ peygambere bizim bildiğimiz anlamda kağıttan bir kitap olarak verilmemiştir.

          Biraz tarihi araştırma yaparsak ki Arapçanın atası olan Akadca ve Asurcada kitap veya book kelimesinin olmadığını görürüz. Bu dillerde yazmaya “satır” yazılı olana ise musatır denmektedir. Zaten bu toplumlarda bizim anladığımız kitap kelimesi de yoktur. Çünkü kâğıttan kitap icat edilmemiştir. Yazılanlar ya tabletler üzerine ya da parşömen üzerine yazılmaktadır.

šaṭāru  [SAR :  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  , IN.SAR :  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  ]  (vb. a/u ; imper.   šuṭar)

[Art]

G. to write ; to inscribe ; to copy ; to formulate , to record (a document) ; to write down, put in writing ; to list D. to put down in writing, list Š. to cause to write N. to be written, inscribed ana ḫissiti : to jot down , to note down , to write down arḫiš šaṭāru : to jot down

Ve Kuran’da da basit anlamdaki yazmak fiili satır olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Tur Suresi 3-4. Ayetler:

وَكِتَابٍ مَسْطُورٍ (2) فِي رَقٍّ مَنْشُورٍ (3)

Ve yazılı kitaba. Açılıp yayılan parşömen içinde.

Tamam da ! O zaman kitap kelimesi ne demektir? Şimdi ktb kökünden türeyen kelimeleri inceleyelim. Kitap kelimesi, benim bulabildiğim kadarıyla Akadca ve Asurcada yoktur. Peki Arapçada ne anlamlarda kullanılmaktadır? Bunun için Arapça lügatlere bakalım!

1 كَتَبَهُ ذ , aor. كَتُبَ , inf. n. كَتْبٌ and كِتَابٌ and كِتَابَةٌ (S, K) and كِتْبَةٌ; (Msb;) the first of these inf. ns. agreeable with analogy; the second, anomalous; (TA;) or the latter of these two is a subst., like لِبَاسٌ; (Lh;) or originally an inf. n., and afterwards used in the senses given below; (MF;) as also كِتَابَةٌ, and كِتْبَةٌ: (TA:) and ↓ كتّبهُ (K) and ↓ اكتتبهُ; (S, K;) He wrote it: (S, K:) or كَتَبَهُ has this signification; and ↓ اكتتبهُ, as also ↓ استكتبهُ, signifies he asked [one] to dictate it (اِسْتَمْلَاهُ): (K:) ↓ اِكْتَتَبَهَا in the Kur, xxv. 6, signifies he hath written them (S) for himself: (Bd:) or he hath asked [one] to write them for him, or to dictate them to him. (TA, Bd.) ― -b2- كَتَبَ عَنْهُ [He wrote what he had heard, or learned from him.] A phrase of common occurrence in biographies. ― -b3- كَتَبَ [He was a writer, or scribe, and a learned man. (Implied in the S, where we are referred to the Kur, lii. 41, and lxviii., 47, in illustration of كَاتِبٌ as signifying “ a learned man. ”)] -A2- كَتَبَ, aor. كَتُبَ , inf. n. كِتَابٌ, q. v., (assumed tropical:) He (God) prescribed, appointed, or ordained, (TA,) and made obligatory. (Msb.) كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ القِصَاصُ The law of retaliation is prescribed, appointed, or ordained, as a law of which the observance is incumbent on you. (Kur, ii. 173.] كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ Fasting is prescribed as incumbent on you. [Kur. ii. 179.] (TA.) ― -b2- كَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا (tropical:) He judged, passed sentence, or decreed, against him that he should do such a thing. (A.) كتب القَاضِى بِالنَّفَقَةِ The judge gave sentence that the expenses should be paid. (Msb.) -A3- كَتَبَ, aor. كَتُبَ , inf. n. كَتْبٌ, He drew together; brought together; conjoined. (S.) ― -b2- Hence, كَتَبَ البَغْلَةَ, aor. كَتُبَ and كَتِبَ , inf. n. كَتْبٌ, He conjoined the oræ of the mule's vulva by means of a ring or a thong; (S;) as also كَتَبَ عَلَيْهَا. (A.) كَتَبَ, aor. كَتُبَ and كَتِبَ , (K,) inf. n. كَتْبٌ; and كَتَبَ عَلَيْهَا; (TA;) He closed the camel's vulva, (K,) and put a ring upon it: (TA:) or he put a ring of iron or the like upon it, (K,) conjoining the oræ, in order that she might not be covered. (TA.) ― -b3- كَتَبَ, aor. كَتُبَ , inf. n. كَتْبٌ; (S;) and ↓ اكتتب; (K;) He sewed a قِرْبَة, (S,) or a سِقَآء, (K,) or a مَزَادَة, (TA,) with two thongs: (K:) or, accord. to some, he closed it at the mouth, by binding it round with a وِكَاء, so that nothing [of its contents] should drop from it; (TA;) [as also ↓ اكتب:] or كتب signifies he sewed a قربة; and ↓ اكتب, he bound it with a وكآء, i. e. bound it round the upper part. (Lh.) ― -b4- كَتَبَ, aor. كَتُبَ , inf. n. كَتْبٌ; (S;) and ↓ اكتب (S, K) and ↓ اكتتب (TA) (tropical:) He bound a قِرْبَة with a وِكَاء; (S;) he bound it round the head, or upper part: (K:) or the first of these verbs signifies he sewed a قربة. (Lh.) See above. IAar says, I heard an Arab of the desert say, أَكْتَبْتُ فَمَ ↓ السِّقَاء فَلَمْ يَسْتَكْتِبْ I bound the mouth of the سقاء, but it did not become fast bound, or closed, because of its hardness and thickness. (TA.) -A4- كَتَبَ النَّاقَةَ He used art to make the she-camel take a liking to that which was not her own young one, and put something as a ring through her nostrils, lest she should smell the بَوّ, (in some copies of the K, بَوْل; but this is a mistake; TA,) and not have a fondness for it. (TA.) -A5- كَتَبَ (tropical:) He collected a كَتِيبَة. (TA.) See also 2.

2 كَتَّبَ See 1 and 4 -A2- كتّب النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. تَكْتِيبٌ, He tied the udder of the camel. (AZ, S.) -A3- كتّب الكَتَائِبَ, inf. n. تَكْتِيبٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ كَتَبَهَا; (TA;) (tropical:) He prepared the troops; (K;) he disposed the troops in order, troop by troop. (S.)

مُكَاتَبَةٌ

3 مُكَاتَبَةٌ ذ and ↓ تَكَاتُبٌ are syn.: (S, K:) you say, كاتب صَدِيقَهُ He wrote to his friend: and ↓ تكاتبا They wrote, one to the other. (TA.) ― -b2- كاتبهُ, inf. n. مُكَاتَبَةٌ (Az, K, Msb) and كِتَابٌ, (Az, Msb,) (tropical:) He (a slave) made a written [or other] contract with him (his master), that he (the former) should pay a certain sum as the price of himself, and on the payment thereof be free: (K, &c.:) also he (a master) made such a contract with him (his slave): (Az, Msb, &c.:) and ↓ تكاتبا They two made such a contract, one with the other. (Msb.) The slave in this case is called مُكَاتَبٌ (S, Msb) and also مُكَاتِبٌ; and so is the master; the act being mutual. (Msb.) [But the lawyers in the present day call the slave مُكَاتَبٌ only; and the master, مُكَاتِبٌ.] الكِتَابَةُ, signifying “ what is written, ” is tropically used by the professors of practical law as syn. with المُكَاتَبَةُ, because the contract above mentioned was generally written; and is so used by them when nothing is written. It was thus called in the age of el-Islám, accord. to Az. These two words are said by Z to be syn.; but it is thought that he may have written the former by mistake for الكِتَابُ, adding the ة by a slip of the pen. (Msb.)

اكتب

4 اكتب ذ He dictated. (S, K.) Ex. أَكْتِبْنِى هٰذِهِ القَصِيدَةَ Dictate to me this ode. (S.) ― -b2- اكتب and ↓ كتّب He taught the art of writing. (K.) -A2- See also 1, in three places.

تكتّب

5 تكتّب ذ (tropical:) He girded himself, and drew together his garments upon him. (TA.) -A2- تكتّب (tropical:) It (an army, S) collected itself together. (S, K.)

6 تَكَاْتَبَ see 3.

8 اِكْتَتَبَ See 1. ― -b2- كِتْبَةٌ [is a quasi-inf. n. of 8; syn. with اِكْتِتَابٌ; and is explained as signifying] The writing a book, transcribing it [from another book]: (اِكْتِتَابُكَ كِتَابًا تَنْسَخُهُ). (K.) ― -b3- It also signifies, [as a quasi-inf. n. of 8,] The writing one's name in [the list of those who receive] stipend and maintenance (الكتتاب فى الفرض والرزق [اصحاب]). (TA.) ― -b4- اكتتب He registered himself in the book of the Sultán's army-list, or stipendiaries. (S, K.) اِكْتَتَبْتُ فِى غَزْوَةِ كَذَا I wrote down my name in the list of the soldiers of such an expedition. (TA, from a trad.) ― -b5- اكتتب كِتَابًا He asked for a book (or the like) to be written for him. (TA.) See also 10. -A2- اكتتب (tropical:) His urine was suppressed. (TA.) ― -b2- اكتتب بَطْنُهُ (tropical:) He was constipated, or costive; (TA;) his belly was constipated. (K.)

استكتبهُ شَيْئًا

10 استكتبهُ شَيْئًا ذ He asked him to write a thing for him. (S.) See also 1 and 8. -A2- With reference to a سِقَاء (or skin), see 1.

كُتْبَةٌ

كُتْبَةٌ ذ (tropical:) A thong with which one sews (K) a مَزَادَة or a قِرْبَة: pl. كُتَبٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- That with which the vulva of a camel (or of a mule, TA,) is closed in order that she may not be covered: (K:) pl. كُتَبٌ. (TA.) ― -b3- A seam or suture, (KL, PS,) in a skin or hide; (KL;) [app. made by sewing together two edges so that one laps over the other;] a خُرْزَةٌ (S, Mgh, K) whereof the thong conjoins the two faces [or sides]: (K:) or a خرزة that is joined together with a thong: (Lth:) or that whereof the thong conjoins each of the two faces [or sides]: (ISd, TA:) pl. كُتَبٌ. (S, Mgh.)

كِتْبَةٌ

كِتْبَةٌ ذ : see 1 and 8. ― -b2- [Also, agreeably with analogy, A mode, or manner, of writing.]

كُتُبِىٌّ

[ كُتُبِىٌّ ذ , meaning A bookseller, is a vulgar term, like صُحُفِىٌّ: by rule it should be كِتَابِىٌّ.]

كِتَابٌ

كِتَابٌ ذ [inf. n. of 1, q. v. ― -b2- as a subst.,] A thing in which, or on which, one writes: [a book:] a written piece of paper or [a record, or register; and a written mandate;] of skin: (K:) a writing, or writ, or thing written; as also ↓ كَتِيبَةٌ: and both are applied also to the revelation from above: and to a letter, or epistle, which a person writes and sends: sometimes made fem., as meaning صَحِيفَةٌ: AA says, I heard an Arab of the desert, of El-Yemen, say, فُلَانٌ لَغُوبٌ جَآءَتْهُ كِتَابِى فَاحْتَقَرَهَا Such a one is stupid: my letter came to him, and he despised it: so I said, Dost thou say, جاءته كتابى? and he replied, Is it not a صحيفة? (Msb.) Pl. كُتُبٌ and كُتْبٌ. (S.) ― -b3- A revealed scripture. (Msb.) [Whence أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ People having a revealed scripture: and أَهْلُ الكِتَابِ The people of the Bible. See also أَهْلٌ.] الكتاب signifies The تَوْراة, or Pentateuch, or Mosaic Law: (K:) and the Gospel, or Book of the Gospels: the Scriptures of the Jews and Christians: (Expositions of the Kur, passim:) and the Kur-án. (TA.) ― -b4- See also 3. -A2- كِتَابٌ [inf. n., or subst.: see 1] Divine prescript, appointment, or ordinance: judgment, or sentence: fatal decree, or predestination. (S, K.) لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمَا بِكِتَابِ اللّٰهِ I will assuredly determine, or judge, between you two according to the judgment, or sentence, of God, which hath been revealed in his book. A trad., not relating to the Kur-án. (TA.) El-Jaadee says,

يَا ابْنَةَ عَمِّى كِتَابُ اللّٰهِ أَخْرَجَنِى

عَنْكُمْ وَهَلْ أَمْنَفَنَّ اللّٰهَ مَا فَعَلَا

[O daughter of my paternal uncle! the decree of God hath expelled me from you: and could I indeed forbid God to do what He hath done?] (S.) [Hence,] الكِتَابُ الأَوَّلُ [The first writing; meaning the register of God's decrees]. (M and K voce مَحْبَلٌ, q. v.) ― -b2- A receptacle for ink. (K).

قِرْبَةٌ كَتِيبٌ

قِرْبَةٌ كَتِيبٌ ذ A skin that is sewed (S) with two thongs: (TA:) and the same, and ↓ مُكْتَبٌ, (S,) and ↓ مُكْتَتَبٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) A skin bound with a وِكَاء; (S;) closed at the mouth, by its being bound with a وِكَاء, so that nothing [of its contents] may drop from it. (TA.)

كِتَابَةٌ

كِتَابَةٌ ذ subst. from 1; signifying The art of writing. (IAar, Msb.) ― -b2- See also 3.

كَتِيبَةٌ

كَتِيبَةٌ ذ see كِتَابٌ. -A2- An army; a military force: (S, K:) or a collected portion thereof; (Msb;) [a body of troops; a corps:] or a troop: or a troop of horse making a hostile attack or incursion, in number from a hundred to a thousand: (K:) pl. كَتَائِبُ. (S.)

كُتَّابٌ

كُتَّابٌ ذ , see مَكْتَبٌ -A2- The same, (S, K,) as also كُثَّابٌ, q. v., but the former is the more approved: (S: the reverse, however, is said in the TA; and MF says that some authors altogether reject كتّاب, with ت, in the sense here following:) A kind of small, round-headed, arrow, with which boys learn to shoot. (S, K.)

كَاتِبٌ

كَاتِبٌ ذ [A writer; a scribe; a secretary]: pl. كَاتِبُونَ and كُتَّابٌ and كَتَبَةٌ. (S, K.) ― -b2- A learned man (S, K) was so called by the Arabs, (IAar,) because, in general, he who knew the art of writing was possessed of science and knowledge; and writers among them were few. (TA.)

مَكْتَبٌ

مَكْتَبٌ ذ (S, K) and ↓ كُتَّابٌ (Lth, S, &c.) A school; a place where the art of writing is taught: (S, K, &c.:) accord. to Mbr and F, the assigning this signification to the latter word is an error; it being a pl. of كَاتِبٌ, and signifying, accord. to Mbr, the boys of a school: in the A it is said, this word is said to signify the boys; not the place: but Esh-Shiháb says, in the Sharh esh-Shifa, that it occurs in this sense in the classical language, and is not to be regarded as a postclassical word: it is said to be originally a pl. of كَاتِبٌ, and to be fig. employed to signify a school. (TA.) Pl. of the former مَكَاتِبُ; (TA;) and of the latter كَتَاتِيبُ. (S.)

مُكْتَبٌ

مُكْتَبٌ ذ : see كَتِيبٌ.

مُكْتِبٌ

مُكْتِبٌ ذ A teacher of the art of writing. (S.)

بغلة مَكْتُوبَةٌ

بغلة مَكْتُوبَةٌ ذ , and مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهَا, A mule that has the oræ of her vulva conjoined by means of a ring or a thong. (A.) See also 1.

مُكَتَّبٌ

مُكَتَّبٌ ذ A bunch of grapes and the like of which a part has been eaten. (K, TA.)

مُكْتَتَبٌ

مُكْتَتَبٌ ذ : see كَتِيبٌ.

مُكْتَوْتِبٌ

مُكْتَوْتِبٌ ذ Swollen, and full. (K.)

كِتَابٌ

كِتَابٌ ذ (same as عَقْدٌ) The ceremony (not certificate) of a marriage-contract. كَتَبُواكِتَابَهُ عَلَى فُلَانَةٍ They performed the ceremony of the contract of his marriage to such a woman (same as عقدوا عَقْدَهُ). ― -b2- أَهْلُ الكِتَابِ: see أَهْلٌ.

Dikkat ederseniz ktb kökü yazmayı ifade ettiği gibi, düzenlemeyi, organize etmeyi de ifade eden bir kelimedir.

Yani kodlama, kodifikasyon anlamındadır,

codify (v.)

"to reduce to a code or digest, to arrange or systematize," c. 1800 (Bentham), from code (n.) + -ify. Related: codified; codifying.

Kısacası Kuran’da geçen ktb köklü kelimeler kodifikasyon olarak anlaşılmalıdır. Kodlama veya yazılım olarak anlaşılmalıdır. Yoksa sanıldığı gibi göklerde kocaman kocaman kitap veya kitapçıklar uçuşmamaktadır.!

Doğrusunu Allah bilir.